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Weaver Warren Adams (April 28, 1901 – January 6, 1963) was an American chess master, author, and opening theoretician. His greatest competitive achievement was winning the U.S. Open Championship in 1948. He played in the U.S. Championship five times. Adams is most famous for his controversial claim that the first move 1.e4 confers a winning advantage upon White. He continually advocated this theory in books and magazine articles from 1939 until shortly before his death. Adams' claim has generally been scorned by the chess world. However, International Master Hans Berliner in a 1999 book professed admiration for Adams, and similarly claimed that White may claim a winning advantage, albeit with 1.d4, not 1.e4. Adams did not succeed in showing the validity of his theory in his own tournament and match play. His results suffered because he published his analysis of White's supposed winning lines, thus forfeiting the element of surprise and enabling his opponents to prepare responses to his pet lines. Future World Champion Bobby Fischer used the Adams Attack, the line Adams advocated against the Najdorf Variation of the Sicilian Defense (6.h3), with success. ==Playing career== Weaver Adams was one of the leading American masters during the 1930s and 1940s.〔Grandmaster Arnold Denker and Larry Parr listed Adams as one of 17 leading American masters during the years of the Great Depression. Denker and Parr 1995, p. 200.〕 He played in the U.S. Championship in 1936,〔http://www.365chess.com/tournaments/USA-ch_1st_1936/28424〕 1940,〔http://www.365chess.com/tournaments/USA-ch_1940/28636〕 1944,〔http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1021448〕 1946,〔http://www.365chess.com/tournaments/USA-ch_1946/28854〕 and 1948.〔http://www.365chess.com/tournaments/USA-ch_1948/28970〕 He won the Massachusetts State Championship in 1937, 1938, 1941, and 1945.〔(Massachusetts State Champions )〕 In 1944, he won a master tournament in Ventnor City.〔Milton L. Hanauer, ''Chess Made Simple'', Doubleday, 1957, p. 180.〕 He also won the Marshall Chess Club championship six times, and the New York State championship four times.〔Evans, 1970, p. 146 (quoting letter by Adams published in ''Chess Life'', November 1961).〕 Adams' greatest competitive success was winning the 49th U.S. Open, held in Baltimore in 1948, for which achievement he appeared on the cover of the August 1948 issue of ''Chess Review'' magazine.〔''Chess Review'', August 1948, at cover, 4, 6. Also available on DVD (pages 251, 256, 258 in "Chess Review 1948" PDF file on DVD).〕 Adams played in the 1950–51 Hastings Christmas Chess Congress, but finished 9th out of 10 players with 2½/9 (two wins, six losses, one draw). Grandmaster Larry Evans wrote that Adams' "tournament results were damaged by his dogmatism. Playing under the self-inflicted handicap of arming his opponents with advance knowledge of his 'best' lines, he felt honor-bound to steer straight into them even though his adversary invariably had a cook up his sleeve. By the time Weaver found a refutation and published it, another player found a different cook and so on ''ad infinitum''."〔Evans, 1970, pp. 146-47.〕 According to ''Chess Review'', this phenomenon may explain Adams' poor result at Hastings 1950–51.〔From ''Chess Review'', February 1951, p. 35 (also available on DVD): According to some reports, Adams ran into trouble when he played opening lines which he has often publicized in connection with his theories on 'White to play and win.' These variations, it is said, had been anticipated by his rivals, who had prepared themselves with special analyses. If there is any truth in this account the moral for a chess player would seem to be the same as for a boxer—namely, never to 'telegraph' his favorite blows."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Weaver W. Adams」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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